Friday, January 9, 2026

Reading Response Week 1: Mathematics and the Body

Reading: Nathan, M. (2021) Excerpt from Foundations of Embodied Learning pp. 3-7 and 147-151.


Summary:
This reading introduced embodied learning in mathematics education. The first section discussed challenges within educational systems that rely on teachers who often lack formal preparation in designing learning experiences that foster genuine learning to support a wide range of learners – content and pedagogical knowledge alone are not enough. There is little attention to how people actually learn, yet educational programs and policies are frequently implemented based on assumptions and generalizations about learning. The reading defines learning as a lasting change in behaviour and emphasizes that many different types of learning exist, all of which must be addressed in classrooms. It argues that natural ways of thinking, teaching, and learning are embodied as people use body-based resources to make meaning and connect new ideas to prior experiences. However, classroom design often restricts physical and social interaction, therefor limiting access to embodied resources and impeding learning. Research shows that learning can be improved by physically engaging one’s body in the learning process. The second section builds on this argument by asserting that mathematical ideas are fundamentally grounded in conceptual metaphors of embodiment. Metaphors such as collecting, movement, construction, measurement, and spatial orientation support mathematical meaning making. Concepts like considering numbers as quantities of objects or positions along a path, and arithmetic as object manipulation, provide a meaningful basis for mathematics rooted in physical action and perception rather than disembodied abstraction. The reading suggests that mathematics is difficult for many learners not because the ideas themselves are too challenging, but because students struggle to connect formal notation to these underlying embodied meanings. Embodied and grounded instruction supports mathematical understanding by connecting symbols to body actions and spatial experiences, helping students internalize mathematical structures. These approaches are especially important for learners who have not had prior exposure to dominant Western mathematical metaphors through their cultural or everyday experiences. Overall, the reading rejects the idea of “math people” and critiques traditional instructional practices that are systematically inaccessible to many learners.


Stops:

1) In the section discussing learning as a long-lasting change in behaviour, I was reminded of the idea of conceptual change in science education, in which learners’ internal conceptions of scientific phenomena shift toward more scientifically accepted explanations. From this perspective, learning is less about memorizing information and more about lasting changes in how individuals understand and interpret explanations. The processes through which students undergo conceptual change are highly individual, shaped by prior knowledge, experiences, and motivations, which suggests that no singular instructional approach can effectively support all learners. While we are focusing on mathematics education and grounding metaphors, I see a clear parallel between these ideas. Researchers in both areas emphasize that meaningful learning involves a fundamental shift in how learners understand and engage with concepts, rather than a passive or disconnected transmission of knowledge. 

2) As the reading discussed the ways in which learning can be improved by engaging the body in the learning process, I was reminded of the research by one of my professors, Grant Williams, during my BEd at St.Thomas University on Kinulations (Kinesthetic Simulations). Kinulations are “movement-based learning activities in which students take on the roles of key elements of natural systems in order to act out or kinesthetically simulate particular scientific phenomena” (kinulations.com). While I would love to incorporate more of these types of activities into my classroom, I find it challenging to do so in small, cramped spaces or when working with more advanced scientific content. That being said, I am grateful that I was exposed to this approach before beginning my teaching career, as it has had a lasting influence on how I think about teaching and learning. I have already incorporated elements of this type of instruction into some of my classes, such as using physical simulations to help students understand phase changes.  


Questions to Consider:

1) How might embodied learning disrupt patterns in which traditional instructional approaches privilege certain learners over others? In what ways could it support more equitable and accessible access to meaningful learning? 

2) How has this reading influenced your view of your role as a teacher or educator, particularly as a designer of learning experiences? 

3) From a practical standpoint, what challenges or limitations do you see in implementing embodied learning approaches in classroom settings?


Kinulation Resources

2 comments:

  1. Hmmm, every student's needs have to be considered while planning lessons. Although, as educators, we look for methods that can better engage our students, there are still some who do not enjoy drama. I recall my time teaching in Nigeria, where some students thrived in calm environments. They preferred the lecture method, as it allowed them to sit quietly, digest the material, and reflect on what they learned. These students often excelled academically, showing that even within a diverse classroom, there are different pathways to success. Variety truly is the spice of life. While we aim to engage the more expressive students, we must also cater to the more reserved ones by grounding abstract concepts in tangible, bodily experiences.
    As a designer of learning experiences, I strive to anticipate how bodies, materials, space, and movement interact with cognition. This means creating tasks that allow for physical exploration of concepts and providing multiple entry points for engagement. It's important to recognize that learning involves cognitive, relational, and emotional dimensions, significantly influenced by how safe and valued students feel in the classroom.
    However, I’ve often contemplated the challenges of implementing gesture-based learning in public schools in Nigeria, particularly with class sizes exceeding 100 students. How can those at the back see what’s happening at the front? How can a teacher gather feedback effectively? Fixed seating, cramped spaces, and rigid schedules can hinder the consistency of movement-based activities.
    Moreover, many educators trained in traditional, abstract instructional methods may hesitate to facilitate or assess embodied learning. Their reluctance is often rooted in comfort zones, even after attending training sessions aimed at introducing innovative methods; some teachers still return to their old practices, especially when they don't feel incentivized to change. Ultimately, the system often prioritizes teaching and financial compensation over the methods employed, which can be a significant barrier to educational innovation.

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  2. Hi Sarah,
    Thank you so much for the thoughtful reflection. I also agree that embodied learning in mathematics highlights how strongly learning is connected to body movement and gestures. From my own experience in the traditional school system, learning was mainly focused on listening, reading, and writing, with very little attention given to physical engagement. When I began teaching, I followed a similar approach and focused mostly on explaining content and completing the syllabus. Over time, I noticed that many students struggled with mathematics not because they lacked ability, but because the teaching methods overlooked natural ways of learning such as movement, gesture, and physical experience. Connecting mathematical ideas to physical activities and metaphors has helped make learning more meaningful and accessible for a wider range of learners.
    1) Embodied learning has the potential to play a major role in the fight against classroom inequalities by providing a variety of ways for students to comprehend and communicate their learning. Based on my observations, some learners cannot express their understanding in writing but can communicate it clearly through movement or gesture. Thus, permission to use these modes of expression enables the participation and empowerment of a larger number of students.
    2) The reading has made me reconsider the teacher’s role quite drastically. Now I think of teachers more as those who create learning experiences rather than merely as experts in the content. In my own practice, I have noticed that small actions, such as allowing hand movements or demonstrating with the body, can facilitate students’ connection of perplexing concepts to their understanding.
    3) I concur with the statement that using embodied learning comes with difficulties like the lack of space in the classroom, limited time, and the problem of teaching more advanced concepts. I have experienced similar issues, especially when teaching in smaller rooms. Nevertheless, the use of embodied learning does not always require large-scale movements; even simple gestures or brief physical simulations can be effective, as my experience shows.

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Final Project - Slides

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12ywmEKmy6uAlknN6i3Hr_rCtENczYYMQp4o0ydh4Uvw/edit?usp=sharing